Rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence: seed source and spatial pattern

A programme of field trials for the study of the winter barley–Rhynchosporium commune pathosystem is reported. The associated seedborne disease rhynchosporium leaf scald is regarded as having an important impact on barley yields. The analysis in this study relates to the impact of the seed source (commercial or farm-saved seed) on disease incidence and to the spatial pattern of rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence. Disease incidence data were calculated from field data recorded as disease severity. Mean disease incidence was higher in the crops grown from farm-saved seed than in those grown from commercial seed, although great agronomic significance cannot be attached to this result. The spatial pattern of rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence was characterized in terms of the binary power law (BPL) and was indicative of an aggregated pattern. Programme-wide BPL results were described using a novel phytopathological application of a random coefficients model. These results have application in field sampling for rhynchosporium leaf scald disease.     

Characteristics of starch synthesis and grain filling of common buckwheat

The common buckwheat ‘cv. Fengtian 1’ (FT1), ‘cv. Yuqiao 4’ (YQ4), ‘cv. Dingtian 2 (DT2)’, and ‘cv. Tongliao (TL)’ were selected to investigate the characteristics of starch synthesis and grain filling. The chlorophyll and chlorophyll a/b contents of leaves in the third stem showed a steady downward trend with the growth of common buckwheat. Whereas, FT1, YQ4 and DT2 showed higher chlorophyll content than that of TL at 7d and 14d. The activity of soluble starch synthase(SSS) and adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADPGP) in the four tested varieties showed a rapid upward trend until 14 days after heading but then rapidly decreased until 21 days after heading. The average adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase activities of FT1, YQ4 and DT2 were higher than TL, while the average soluble starch synthase activities were similar among the four tested varieties. Consistently, the four tested varieties showed rapid accumulation of starch, amylose, and amylopectin during the prefilling stage, but no difference of starch content was found at maturity. The filling process of the four common buckwheat varieties exhibited an “S” curve. The Richards equation was utilized to evaluate the grain-filling process of common buckwheat. YQ4 showed the largest values of initial growth power (R₀). The time reaching the maximum grain-filling rate (t_max.G) of FT1 was the longest, and the maximum grain-filling rate (G_max) of DT2 was the fastest.     

江苏1204拖拉机液压输出功率不足问题的解决

江苏1204拖拉机液压输出功率,在试验时,出现输出功率不足的问题。对实验数据分析,影响液压功率的两个因素流量和压力,从元件品质来看,可能是齿轮泵的容积效率以及系统低压区漏气的问题,从设计角度分析,则可能是吸油管及其管路元件结构参数的选择问题。如何确定系统元件的参数即吸油管等元件的参数,按规范设计是基本的要求;之后,才是根据实际情况,再优化设计和超越规范设计。对试验中出现的问题,查找应遵守逻辑原则,涉及到实物分解时,则是先易后难,最终找到问题的原因予以解决。     

封闭流水式网箱养殖混合供电系统设计

封闭流水式网箱养殖优点是零排放无污染,符合环保养殖要求,缺点是水质容易恶化,水交换与排污能耗大。为了降低能耗并确保设备正常运行,研发太阳能-市电-柴油发电机混合供电系统。基于蓄电池充放电特性,采用最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)和数字信号处理(DSP)技术实现太阳能智能充放电控制与保护,应用双电源自动转换开关技术实现有序混合供电。太阳能月均发电量250 k W·h,日均供电8.3 k W·h,满足负载日均耗电6.6~8.8 k W·h要求。结果表明,在阳光充足情况下,以太阳能供电为主;当出现连续阴雨天气情况下,供电顺序为蓄电池(充满状态可放电3~4 h)、市电、柴油发电机。随着太阳能系统性价比的提高,节能效果将更加明显。     

燃煤电厂脱硫塔浆液起泡微观表征分析研究

利用彬长电厂和当涂电厂脱硫塔浆液起泡泡沫,通过X射线衍射法、傅里叶扫描电子显微镜法以及变换红外光谱法分析了吸收塔浆液泡沫样品的微观表征。结果表明:起泡和未起泡浆液在晶体形态、官能团上等具有相似的微观特征。但在形态结构上存在较大差异,起泡浆液的结构稳定性较差,存在使结构分裂的层间作用力。浆液结构变成杂乱无序的层状,其结晶水的含量也大幅度增加。     

基于动态规划的电动拖拉机动力电源能量控制策略研究

针对纯电动拖拉机能量利用率低、续航里程不足的问题，提出了基于超级电容和蓄电池复合的纯电动拖拉机动力电源系统。通过分析纯电动拖拉机的作业工况特点以及功率需求，对动力电源系统进行了拓扑结构选型和参数匹配，并以动力电源能耗最低为优化目标，应用动态规划对纯电动拖拉机的动力电源系统进行能量控制策略优化，对动态规划结果以及工况特点进行分析，总结出基于规则的动力电源能量控制策略，利用Matlab/Simulink建模对控制策略进行仿真。结果表明基于动态规划的控制策略能量消耗比基于规则的控制策略能量消耗减少了18%，证明了基于动态规划的能量控制策略在节能降耗方面的有效性。     

基于转录组测序开发糜子SSR标记

【目的】 以6份不同地理来源的糜子资源为试验材料,基于前期转录组测序获得的1 000对SSR引物,选出200对进行多态性检测,以期构建一批可以准确评估糜子种质遗传差异的分子标记。【方法】 用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计引物,改良CTAB法提取DNA,PCR扩增DNA和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳筛选引物多态性;用PowerMarker 3.25和PopGen 1.32计算遗传多样性参数。【结果】 200对引物中97对呈单态性,80对呈多态性。单碱基序列重复引物有20对,10对具多态性,其重复基元是A（50%）和T（50%）。二碱基序列重复引物有36对,15对具多态性,其碱基重复类型有7种（AG最多,TC、GC和GA次之,CA、TA和AC最少）。三碱基序列重复引物有144对,55对具多态性,其碱基重复类型有24种（GGC、GCG和GCC最多,GAA、GCT和CGC等次之,ACC、AGG、CAG、CGT、AAG、AAC、TCG、CGA、ATT、CAA和CCA最少）。就引物分辨率(Rp)值而言,1—3碱基序列重复引物分别为0.67—4.67（平均2.07）、1.33—4.33（平均2.73）和0.67—4.00（平均1.83）。基于Rp值分析SSR分布频次,发现80个标记分布在5个区间：0—1、1—2、2—3、3—4和4—5,分别包含17（21.25%）、36（45.00%）、11（13.75%）、14（17.50%）和2个（2.50%）。就$\overline{\text{Rp}}$值而言,1—3碱基序列重复引物分别为0.33—0.67（平均0.51）、0.40—0.78（平均0.59）和0.33—0.83（平均0.59）。单碱基序列重复标记共检测到22个等位变异,每个位点为2—3个（平均2.2000）,其中8个和2个位点分别具2和3个变异;二碱基序列重复标记共检测到38个等位变异,每个位点为2—3个（平均2.5333）,其中7个和8个位点分别具2和3个变异;三碱基重复标记共检测到136个等位变异,每个位点为2—3个（平均2.4727）,其中29个和26个位点分别具2和3个变异。就多态性信息含量而言,1—3碱基序列重复引物分别为0.3750—0.5355（平均0.4293）、0.2392—0.7438（平均0.4293）和0.2392—0.7438（平均0.3989）。就多样性指数而言,1—3碱基序列重复分别为0.6365—1.0776（平均0.7497）、0.5623—1.0986（平均0.8339）和0.5623—1.0889（平均0.8312）。【结论】 基于转录组测序结果,检测200对SSR引物的多态性,发现177对（88.5%）可以扩增出完整条带,其中80对具多态性,多态率为40%。     

1047年北宋宫廷祈雨的诸相

本文以1047年发生在北宋宫廷内的一场祈雨祭祀为研究对象,运用"剧场国家"理论,描绘了祈雨的"展演"相与"权力"相,研究了祈雨期内以展演为表征、以权力为暗流的人神、人地、人人关系。研究发现:一方面,祈雨是充满象征意义的展演式活动,祈雨人宋仁宗需要向天神与黎民展演德行,而展演德行又需借助于气象技术;另一方面,贾昌朝被罢相是多重因素作用下的结果,罢相反映出北宋中期朝廷内激烈的政治纷争,其仍为庆历新政后权力博弈的延续。可见这场祈雨是一场德行的展演,也是实在的操纵帝国的权力之争。     

Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.     

我国林业小型动力机械发展回顾与现状

林业小型动力机械是生产批量最大的林业机械产品,在林业生产中发挥着重要作用。介绍了林业小型动力机械所包含的产品类型、相关的协会和学会等组织机构及其在国内发展的历史和生产现状;指出了我国产品质量与先进国家之间的差距,以及科研和人才培养等方面存在的不足。